Complete processing technology of vitamin C

Structure and properties of vitamin C

Vitamin C is an unsaturated polyhydroxy compound that exists in the form of a lactone.

The structure is as follows:

Since the hydrogen on the enol hydroxyl group of the 2- and 3-position carbon atoms can be dissociated to form H+, it is acidic.

Vitamin C can prevent scurvy, so it is also called "ascorbic acid." It has strong reducibility, and it may mainly be a coenzyme to express physiological functions through its reversible redox characteristics.

First, the physiological function of vitamin C

Vitamin C is a six-carbon polyhydroxy acid compound that must be caused by scurvy due to lack of it, so it is also called ascorbic acid. The enol-type hydroxyl group in the molecule is easily released from H+ and is acidic, and has strong reducibility. In the human body, vitamins can participate in redox reaction and hydroxylation reaction, which plays an important role in maintaining normal biochemical metabolism and physiological functions of the human body.

Vitamin C has the function of preventing and treating scurvy and improving anemia, preventing cancer, preventing coronary heart disease and detoxifying.

In preventing scurvy and improving anemia: Vitamin C promotes the formation of collagen by maintaining the activity of hydroxylase. Collagen is an important component of connective tissue, capillaries and bones. Lack of vitamin C leads to collagen deficiency. Vascular wall permeability and fragility increase and scurvy. Vitamin C can also reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, promote the reduction of methemoglobin to hemoglobin, and promote the body's absorption, transport and utilization of iron.

Prevention of cancer: Vitamin C can block the formation of nitrite in the body, which prevents the interstitial nutrients from diffusing into cancer cells.

Prevention of coronary heart disease: Vitamin C can promote the hydroxylation of cholesterol and produce bile acid. Prevent cholesterol from depositing on the arterial wall and dissolve the deposited atheroma to prevent coronary heart disease.

Moreover, vitamin C also has the functions of detoxification, reducing airway inflammatory cells, improving bronchial asthma, and whitening the skin.

Vitamin C is not added as much as possible, because excessive vitamin C can induce mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin production in animals; it can reduce the fluidity of mitochondrial membrane; cause mitochondrial swelling; lead to vitamin B12 deficiency, causing Diarrhea, bleeding gums, and problems with the heart and circulatory system.

According to the recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Food and Nutrition Conference: Vc intake is 40-60 mg/day. However, it has been suggested that normal people should not exceed 500 mg/day.

Second, the industrial production of vitamin C

In foreign countries, industrial production began in 1938, mainly used as health care products and food additives.

The use of the Lai's chemical method is generally employed.

In China, industrial production has begun for more than 30 years.

Mainly as medicinal. Using a self-developed fermentation method,

Divided into three steps of fermentation, extraction and transformation.

1. Fermentation process:

2, the extraction process:

3. Conversion process: